Saturday, September 5, 2015

Mahabharata - King Parikshit and Takshaka

Parikshit and Takshaka

King Parikshit was the son of Abhimanyu, the heroic Pandava side warrior and son of Arjuna, who died fighting a formidable army of seven great Kuru warriors in the battle of Kurukshetra. Abhimanyu's wife was Uttara, the princess of Matsya and the daughter of Virata. At the end of Kurukshetra war, Asvatthama, the son of preceptor Dronacharya, to avenge his father's tragic death in the battle, tried to kill the entire Pandava clan. He hurled the Brahmastra against the foetus which was there in Uttara's womb. Lord Krishna, the Supreme Lord of the Universe took pity and saved the unborn child during its birth and also punished Asvatthama severly for such a despicable act. It is said that Parikshit, as the new born child came to be known, had tried to see who his saviour was right after his birth (Ikshan - to see in Sanskrit), he was named as Parikshit (Pari+Ikshit). When the Panadavas, after thirty six years of reign, went to heaven, they gave the kingdom to Parikshit. The latter was a just and able ruler and was fond of hunting like all Kshatriya kings. One day, while hunting he shot an arrow against a deer, which instantly fled. Thinking that he had hit the deer, the king, chased it, but after a long time could not find it. In the meanwhile the sun was up, the heat was unbearable and the king was extremely afflicted by hunger and thirst. He then came across a sage who was sitting under a tree, deep in contempation. The sage was called Samika. He had taken a vow of Mauna or silence. Therefore he was not supposed to speak a word and the king did not know it. The king asked the sage if he had seen any deer. The sage remained quite. Once, twice, thrice the king asked and got no reply. At this, being already tired and devoid of senses, he got angry, thinking that the sage had deliberately insulted him by not replying to him. He saw a dead snake nearby and in order to insult him, took that snake using his bow end and put it round the neck of the sage. The good sage remained quiet and motionless and did not speak a word of condemnation and even did not mind the incident, being of great wisdom and compassion. The king, when he came back to his senses, was sorry, but did not know how to rectify his error.
The sage or Rishi, had a son called Sringin. Sringin, unlike hiss father, was extremely wrathful. He had acquired great merit through his austerities but could not control his anger. When another Rishi's son, jokingly informed him of the insult that has been heaped upon his father, Sringin got the detail of the incident, and being of vengeful spirit, then and there cursed Parikshit that he would die within seven days from the bite of Takshaka, a virulent serpent. He then informed his father about his curse. His father was not at all pleased. Breaking his vow of silence, he strongly condemned his son for such lack of control and told him that an ascetic should not behave in the way that he did, as it destroys all the merits of acsetism. Also a king is the protector and bereft of a king, the kingdom gets destroyed along with those who are under his protection. Therefore Parikshit, being a just and righteous king, who committed an error out of his ignorance, should never have been cursed. He then sent one of his disciples with due instructions to forwarn Parikshit about the impending danger.
The disciple Gaurmukha went to the king's palace and duly informed him of the danger. The king was very repentant by the harsh act that he had done and also by hearing that Samik had taken the vow of silence when he insulted him in that manner. He then met his ministers and counsellors and together they chalked out a plan. A huge mansion was to be built on a single column in which the king would stay and conduct the affairs of the king for the next seven days with the help of his able and trusted ministers. Nobody was allowed in the palace and the king was well guarded by physicians and learned Brahmins. On the seventh day, Takshaka himself was coming down to Hastinapur to fulfill his obligations when he met a Brahmin on the way. The Brahmin's name was Kasyap. He was proficient in Yoga powers and could cure any ailment. When Takshaka asked the Brahmin as to why he was going to Hastinapur when the king would die of snake bite, Kasyap said that he could cure even Takshaka's bite and was going to save the king as well as to earn a lot of wealth by doing so. Takshaka then gave his introduction and told Kasyap that nobody had power to cure anybody affected by Takshaka's bite. He challenged Kasyap, to revive a big banyan tree which he burned to ashes with his poison. Kasyapa worked wonders by reviving that tree step by step, by first generating a seed from the ashes, then a small plant sprouting from that seed and then the big banyan tree from it. Takshaka now became anxious and told Kasyap that since he was going there for wealth and not for any altruistic reason, Takshaka himself would give him all the wealth he needed if only he returned from there without going to Hastinapur. He convinced Kasyap that time had run out for Parikshit and therefore Kasyap would only earn a demerit and bad names by trying to revive one who had already been ordained to depart. Kasyap agreed to the proposal, took a lot of wealth from Takshaka and went away from there.

Takshaka now hatched a plan. He sent some of the Nagas dressed as Brahmins with fruits and other offerings to the king. The Brahmins were duly received by the monarch who was very happy that the day was ending and yet Takshaka had not come. He therefore decided to celebrate by eating those fruits. But the first fruit that he took had a worm inside. He joculously remarked that since Takshaka was no where to be seen and the seventh day was ending, that worm should bite him in order that the sage's curse became true. He placed the worm on his neck. At once Takshaka, who had disguised himself as that worm, coiled round the neck of the king and with a tremendous roar that frightened everybody present, bit the king who died as a result of the virulent poison. The entire palace was burned to ashes by Takshaka's poison. His job accomplished, Takshaka disappeared to the realm of the Nagas. The people of the kingdom were aggrieved and they made the young prince Janamejaya as the king.

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