Saturday, September 5, 2015

Mahabharata - Story of Churning of Ocean (Samudra Manthan)

Churning of Ocean

Being repeatedly defeated by the Asuras, Devas (Gods) were concerned and anxious to obtain immortality which would enable them to fight and outweigh the Asuras of superior strength. When they approached Lord Vishnu with their concern, the Lord advised them to obtain nectar or Amritam by churning the ocean. But Devas alone would not have enough strength to churn the ocean and therefore the Asuras were also called and it was decided that the nectar so obtained would be divided between Devas and Asuras. However both sides planned to deceive others after obtaining the Amritam.
In order to churn the ocean a huge rod of immeasurable strength was needed. Mandar mountain was selected to be the fit churning rod. It was a huge mountain with abundance of flaura and fauna and to uprrot it to serve as a churning rod was an impossibility. Lord Vishnu therefore asked Ananta, the great serpent on which He rested, to uproot Mandar. Ananta did the same and Mandar was placed on the sea bed. Then the problem arose as to what will be the rope for moving the churning rod. The king of serpents, Vasuki agreed to become the rope. The Devas caught the tail of Vasuki and Asuras caught his head and the churning began in right earnest. But soon they faced a practical problem, as the mountain slipped and could not be moved properly from its position on the ocean bed. It would need a huge receptacle to hold the mountain firmly in its proper position. Lord Vishnu again came to the rescue. He assumed the form of a huge tortoise and on His back Mandar was held firmly. Now the churning could proceed with great precision and speed. Soon clouds of smoke appeared from the mouth of Vasuki which resulted in rain showers upon the Gods who were thus refreshed. Because of the force of churning huge noise was heard and all the aninals and plants on the mountain and the aquatic animals living in the ocean began to die because of the tremendous heat produced. Soon the forests in the mountain caught fire and then Indra, the king of Gods, who also controlled the rain, began to shower, which extinguished the fire.
The churning went on for sometime without any effect and Devas became tired because of the effort involved. All the gems, plants and other vegetation on the mountain and their juices, because of the force of churning, mixed with the ocean water which became medicianl as a result. The Devas drank that water and were refreshed and the churning process began with more enthusiasm. Many jewels came up from the ocean bed and Devas and Asuras claimed them duly. Then a white steed called Ucchaisrava came up which was owned by the king of the Asuras. After some more churning an elephant name Airavata rose which was claimed by Indra. The celestial tree Parijata came up and so also Surabhi, the Kamadhenu or wish fulfilling divine cow. Then came up a beautiful jewel called Kaustubh, which immediately went and adorned the chest of Lord Vishnu. Then came up the moon with its splendour. However after this there arose the great poison called Kalkuta which was capable of destroying the entire universe. Everybody was afraid by seeing its great destructive potential. Upon request from Gods, Shiva or Mahadeva drank that poison as He was the only capable one for performing that feat. He, however, did not let the poison affect His vitals, by arresting it in His throat. As a result of the effect of the poison His throat became blue in colour and hence He came to be known as Neelkantha, one with blue throat. He thus saved the world from imminent destruction and the churning activity could resume.
After some more churning came up goddess Lakshmi who dazzled everybody with her incomparable beauty and brilliance. She carefully and deliberately chose Lord Vishnu as her husband. Then finally Dhanwantari came up with the pot containing the nectar. When they saw the nectar both Asuras and Devas claimed it for themselves. The Devas did not want the Asuras to become immortal as they were already more powerful. If they had consumed the Amritam they would have become invincible, thereby giving rise to all kinds of troubles in the world by their misdeeds and evil ways. Therefore Lord Vishnu conceived an idea. He assumed the form of a beautiful woman, called Mohini and requested both Devas and Asuras to sit in separate rows while she would distribute the nectar to both. The Asuras were so enchanted with her beauty that they forgot all about the nectar and she, like a perfect enchantress, kept them engaged in conversation while the Devas ate and drank their full. However one Asura called Rahu, had seen through the scheme and sat incognito in the same row where the Devas were sitting. He had taken some of the nectar which had reached his throat, when sun and moon identified him and Vishnu, with the aid of His disc called Sudarshan, slit his throat. As the nectar had reached his throat he did not die but remained as an enormous head. From that time onwards the giant head had terrible enmity with both sun and moon who had exposed him. Therefore periodically he gobbles them up during the time of eclipse, but since he has no stomach to digest them, they get released.
In the meanwhile Asuras came to know about the deception and being outraged they started to fight. By drinking the Amritam the Devas had become very powerful and therefore the battle became very intense. Narayana then himself took part in the battle and calling his great discuss called Sudarshan, wreaked havoc among the Asuras, many of whom were killed. The remaining Asuras fled and hid beneath the oceans and there they continued to grow, being ever hostile and inimical to the Gods.

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